Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV)—a very common sexually transmitted infection. While most HPV infections clear on their own, some can linger and lead to cellular changes that, over time (often 10–20 years), may develop into cancer.
The good news? Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers thanks to HPV vaccination, regular Pap/HPV tests, and informed partner behaviors.
Now, let’s address your points—not as accusations, but as shared opportunities for health and care.
🚬 1. Smoking (Including Secondhand Smoke)
✅ Fact: Smoking does increase cervical cancer risk—not just for the smoker, but potentially for those exposed to secondhand smoke, though the direct link is stronger for active smoking.
How? Tobacco byproducts are found in cervical mucus and can weaken local immune defenses, making it harder for the body to clear HPV.
Evidence: The CDC and WHO note that women who smoke are about twice as likely to develop cervical cancer compared to non-smokers.
Secondhand smoke is a known carcinogen and harms overall health—but its direct contribution to cervical cancer is less clear than active smoking.
💡 Compassionate Action:
If either partner smokes, consider quitting together. Use this as a chance to support each other’s longevity and vitality. Many couples find success with counseling, nicotine replacement, or apps like Smokefree.gov.
🛑 2. Not Using Protection Against STIs:
